HISTORY 2590

The Crusades

PROFESSOR HYAMS

Fall 2008

White Hall 106
TR 2:55 - 4:10 pm


Office Hours

Prof. Hyams MG 307 (5-2076, 257-3168)    Wed  11:-12 noon; Thurs 1:30-2:15 pm

Ada Kuskowski (TA) MG B46 Tues 4:30-5:30 pm

This Lecture Course examines the Crusading Movement and the States it produced from the eleventh century to the fall of the mainland Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1292. Central themes include but are not limited to the following: the Medieval Conquest, Settlement & Loss by Europeans of "Latin" lands in the Mid-East, the associated history of the Church and its contextual intellectual history, political narrative and military history, social and economic analysis, together with an elementary understanding of Islam and the conflict of cultures and religions during a formative period in Western Civilization.

REQUIRED READINGS:

J. Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A History (2nd ed., 2005).
H.E. Mayer, The Crusades (2nd ed., 1988)
Oxford History of the Crusades, ed. Riley-Smith (1999)
C. Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspective (1999) [Chaps 4-8 in Course Packet from Campus Store. Chaps. 1-3 from Google Books]
Allen & Amt (eds.), The Crusades: A Reader
J. Prawer, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages (1972) [Selections in Course Packet II]

OPTIONAL READINGS:

P.K. Hitti (transl.), An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior .. (1929) [Memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh]
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin [Behaeddin], ed. & transl. D. S. Richards

Course packets avaiulable from the Cornell store.
Readings marked [UF] areoptional and to be found on reserve in an old course packet.

This is the fuller and authoritative version of the prospectus, and so to be preferred to the paper handout from the beginning of the semester. It will likely change shape over the term. Please check it out regularly during term, to see for example what extras there might be for the week ahead.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

1. Paper I (about 5 pp.) on the First Crusade & the Crusading Idea [15% of Final Grade]
2. Prelim Exam: Documents for comment. Take-Home. [20% of Final Grade]
3. Paper II (about 15 pp.) [25% of Final Grade]
4. Final Exam during the Exam Period. [35% of Final Grade]
5. Attendance at and participation in classes and in discussions. [5% of final grade]

PAPERS:     A selection of books and other materials you may find helpful for the two papers is on Reserve in Uris Library.
                     If you are unsure about the requirements for the
Way to Write a History Paper, you can ask one of us for help in Office Hours.

WEEKLY READINGS & CLASS FORMAT:

This is basically a lecture class. It assumes as little previous knowledge as possible, and will probably serve most students as a kind of first introduction to Western History in this period. Of course, it would help for you to know something of the course of medieval European history as background. Although there is no quick fix, those with no previous exposure to the period may like to take a look at a very short sketch by one young historian. In any event, you do not have to sit there submissively taking notes in silence.  I enjoy and welcome discussion. So I shall often leave space at the end of a class for question and answer, and may bring along (or ask you to bring along) translated source materials to read and discuss together. You are also welcome to raise difficulties in the readings at (or before) the start of any class. (Bring the book with you!)

Discussion Sessions: In order to make the best use of the in-class Discussion Sessions, it is essential to complete the Readings by Wednesday night at the latest. You definitely need to master the first reading by Tuesday. In a course like this on an area of ever-expanding interest, lectures cannot hope to exhaust the subject and aim to supplement not repeat material from the readings. We may hold occasional quizzes to encourage you to master the reading in timely fashion. There are no compulsory Sections in this course. But all being well we shall start after the first few weeks to find time on Thursdays to break up into smaller groups for source reading and discussion. We shall have to see whether there is a call for one or more optional sections as the class proceeds.

Office Hours: Please come in early in the term; attendance is a real part of the course. It gives the two of us the chance to make your acquaintance well before any crises with papers etc., also to clear up points of interest that may turn into paper topics or that emerge from the lectures to trouble you.

A session on The Music of the Crusades will be arranged, probably around Week VI or VII. There will also be video sessions on Crusader Jerusalem etc. These TBA.


SCHEDULE OF WEEKLY READINGS & ASSIGNMENTS

Try this useful Crusades Timeline to 1291 with no guarantees of its accuracy

0. Introduction & Overview:    R Aug 28

Hillenbrand,  4-10, 252-60, 428 sq. on Muslim sources
[nb: This and all subsequent readings in small type are entirely optional,
The source texts (IN CAPS.) may be used for discussion]

URBAN II'S CRUSADING CANON FROM THE COUNCIL OF CLERMONT, 1095

Words


Find and study a Relief Map of area     Then check out actual pictures from Google Earth
B.Z Kedar, The Changing Land Between the Jordan and the Sea [ DS108.5 .K44z 1999 ++ ] juxtaposes air photographs from 1917 of sites that include crusading remains with more recent ones and detailed maps.

I. Origins and First Crusade:    TR Sept 2, 4

Words


FIRST PAPER TOPICS TO BE AGREED BY THURSDAY SEPT 11

II. The First Kingdom to 1174:    TR Sept 9, 11

Words

For some reviews on
Susan Reynolds' recent book Fiefs and Vassals (1994), criticizing the notion of "feudalism",  click here.
   


III. Moslem Neighbors: Seljuqs, Zengids, Ayyubids:   TR Sept 16, 18

Behaeddin, tr. Richards, pp. 11-38.

Words
IV. Second Crusade:    TR Sept 23, 25
FIRST PAPER DUE THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 26


V. Development of the Crusading Idea:    TR Sept 30; Oct 2

AGREE TOPICS FOR SECOND PAPER BY FRIDAY

VI. : Third Crusade & the Fall of the First Kingdom:  TR Oct 7, 9

FALL BREAK!
Oct 11-15

VII. Crisis c. 1200 I: the Fourth Crusade    R Oct 16 only

Morris, "Geoffrey de Villehardouin & the Conquest of Constantinople", 24-34 UF

Words

VILLEHARDOUIN ON THE 4th CRUSADE (Full Text)
ROBERT OF CLARI ON THE 4th CRUSADE (Full Text)
NICETAS KHONIATES ON SACK OF CONSTANTINOPLE, 1204
Some further accounts of the Sack of Constantinople etc.


VIII. Crisis c. 1200 II: Political Crusades & Criticism: TR Oct 21, 23

Skip Knox on Albigensian Crusade and some primary sources
SIEGES OF TERMES AND TOULOUSE (Albigensian Crusade), plus a wealth of other military material source sources from political and other crusades

Thursday October 23 MID-TERM EXAM
Take-home to be handed in Tuesday October 28


IX. 5th & 6th Crusades to Egypt:    TR Oct 28, 30



X. Frankish Society: Settlement & Colonization:   TR Nov 4, 6

Words

As far as I know, only a few extracts from   Usamah's Memoirs are available online
THE ASSISE SUR LA LIGECE, c. 1163
JOHN OF IBELIN'S ACCOUNT OF AN 1198 PLEA ON THE ASSISE SUR LA LIGECE

You should be able to dind decent online pictures of Crusader Acre , though they are mostly aimed at the tourist and so very shifting!
Crusader Remains from Caesarea (more pics here) can also be visited on video; and an associated game to download!

XI. The Latin East in the Thirteenth Century:   TR Nov 11, 13

SECOND PAPER DUE TUESDAY NOVEMBER 18

XII. Warfare:      TR Nov 18, 20


R.C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, 1097-1193, caps. 4-6 [Uris Reserve]
C. Marshall, Warfare in the Latin East [Uris Reserve]

The prime online medieval military history site is De Re Militari  with all kinds of texts and other resources

Words
CASTLES:
XIII. The Church: T Nov 25
Words
THANKSGIVING BREAK
November 26 - December 1


XIV. Conclusions: Dec 2, 4
Skip Knox's Online Course on the Crusades could be useful for reviewing

STUDY PERIOD Dec 7-10
Press Here for Sample IDs to help with Reviewing
Words on Islam you ought to understand for the Exam
EXAM PERIOD Dec 10-19

  FINAL EXAM
 
Thursday, Dec 11, 7 pm.
RF 230



NB The links below are uncorrected
and some are certainly broken.

SOURCE TRANSLATIONS:

Pope John VIII Indulgence for fighting the Heathen, 878

Crusade of the Poor
Battle of Dorylaeum, 1097
Modern Account of Jerusalem's Capture, 1099
Anna Comnena

Map of Jerusalem in 12th Century

A Modern View of Saladin's Capture of Jerusalem, 1187

Women and the Crusades
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Queen Melisende

Skip Knox's Short History of the Crusades

Skip Knox's Pilgrim's Route to Jerusalem
Franciscan Images of the Holy Land of the Crusades
A Student's Photo Journal of Crusader Israel

Skip Knox on Islam during the Crusades

Paul Crawford on the Military Orders

Map of Europe c. 1120
An Historical Atlas for the Middle Ages
Historical Atlas for Period

MS Images of the Crusades from BN, Paris

Les Capetiens et les Croisades (in French)

Aquinas on Just etc. War
Sources (primary and secondary) on Warfare in the Crusades



© P. R. Hyams 2008


Hillenbrand, chaps. 1-3 are not included in the Course Packet, but are available through Google Books
Ramadan starts Monday September 1 and ends on Wednesday evening, October 1.